Warm Bodies Step two taking Free Essays

string(51) " going on back then was a few wars and recessions\." I am young. I am a teenage boy aflame with health, strong and virile and pounding with energy. But I get older. We will write a custom essay sample on Warm Bodies Step two taking or any similar topic only for you Order Now Every second ages me. My cells spread themselves thinner, stiffening, cooling, darkening. I am fifteen, but each death around me adds a decade. Each atrocity, each tragedy, each small moment of sadness. Soon I will be ancient. Here I am, Perry Kelvin in the Stadium. I hear birds in the walls. The bovine moans of pigeons, the musical chirps of starlings. I look up and breathe deep. The air is so much cleaner lately, even here. I wonder if this is what the world smelled like when it was new, centuries before smokestacks. It frustrates and fascinates me that we’ll never know for sure, that despite the best efforts of historians and scientists and poets, there are some things we’ll just never know. What the first song sounded like. How it felt to see the first photograph. Who kissed the first kiss, and if it was any good. ‘Perry!’ I smile and wave at my little admirer as he and his dozen foster-siblings cross the street in a line, hand in hand. ‘Hey . . . buddy,’ I call to him. I can never remember his name. ‘We’re going to the gardens!’ ‘Cool!’ Julie Grigio grins at me, leading their line like a mother swan. In a city of thousands I run into her almost every day, sometimes near the schools where it seems probable, sometimes in the outermost corners of the Stadium where the odds are slim. Is she stalking me or am I stalking her? Either way, I feel a pulse of stress hormones shoot through me every time I see her, rushing to my palms to make them sweat and to my face to make it pimply. Last time we met, she took me up on the roof. We listened to music for hours, and when the sun went down, I’m pretty sure we almost kissed. ‘Want to come with us, Perry?’ she says. ‘It’s a field trip!’ ‘Oh fun . . . a field trip to where I just spent eight hours working.’ ‘Hey, there aren’t a lot of options in this place.’ ‘So I’ve noticed.’ She waves for me to come over and I immediately comply, while trying my best to look reluctant. ‘Don’t they ever get to go outside?’ I wonder, watching the kids march in clumsy lockstep. ‘Mrs Grau would say we are outside.’ ‘I mean outside. Trees, rivers, etc.’ ‘Not till they’re twelve.’ ‘Awful.’ ‘Yeah . . .’ We walk in silence except for the burble of child-speak behind us. The Stadium walls loom protectively like the parents these kids will never know. My excitement at seeing Julie darkens under a sudden cloud of melancholy. ‘How do you stand it here,’ I say, barely a question. Julie frowns at me. ‘We get to go out. Twice a month.’ ‘I know, but . . .’ She waits. ‘What, Perry?’ ‘Do you ever wonder if it’s even worth it?’ I gesture vaguely at the walls. ‘All this?’ Her expression sharpens. ‘I mean, are we really that much better off in here?’ ‘Perry,’ she snaps with unexpected vehemence. ‘Don’t you start talking like that, don’t you fucking start.’ She notices the abrupt silence behind us and cringes. ‘Sorry,’ she says to the kids in a confidential whisper. ‘Bad words.’ ‘Fuck!’ my little friend yells, and the whole line explodes with laughter. Julie rolls her eyes. ‘Great.’ ‘Tsk tsk.’ ‘You shut your mouth. I meant what I said to you. That’s evil talk.’ I look at her uncertainly. ‘We get to go outside twice a month. More if we’re on salvage. And we get to stay alive.’ She sounds like she’s reciting a Bible verse. An old proverb. As if sensing her own lack of conviction she glances at me, then snaps her eyes forward. Her voice goes quiet. ‘No more evil talk if you want to come on our field trip.’ ‘Sorry.’ ‘You haven’t been here long enough. You grew up in a safe place. You don’t understand the dangers.’ Dark feelings flood my belly at this, but I manage to hold my tongue. I don’t know the pain she’s speaking from, but I know it’s deep. It makes her hard and yet so terribly soft. It’s her thorns and it’s her hand reaching out from the thicket. ‘Sorry,’ I say again and fumble for that hand, nudging it out of her jeans pocket. It’s warm. My cold fingers wrap around hers, and my mind conjures an unwelcome image of tentacles. I blink it away. ‘No more evil talk.’ The kids gaze at me eagerly, huge eyes, spotless cheeks. I wonder what they are and what they mean and what’s going to happen to them. ‘Dad.’ ‘Yeah?’ ‘I think I have a girlfriend.’ My dad lowers his clipboard, adjusts his hard hat. A smile creeps into the deep creases of his face. ‘Really.’ ‘I think so.’ ‘Who?’ ‘Julie Grigio?’ He nods. ‘I’ve met her. She’s – hey! Doug!’ He leans over the edge of the bulwark and yells at a worker carrying a steel pylon. ‘That’s forty-gauge, Doug, we’re using fifty for the arterial sections.’ He looks back at me. ‘She’s cute. Watch out though; seems like a firecracker.’ ‘I like firecrackers.’ My dad smiles. His eyes drift. ‘Me too, kid.’ His walkie-talkie crackles and he pulls it out, starts giving instructions. I look out at the ugly concrete vista under construction. We are standing on the terminating end of a wall, fifteen feet high, currently a few blocks long. Another wall runs parallel to it, making Main Street into an enclosed corridor that cuts through the heart of the city. Workers swarm below, laying concrete pour-forms, erecting framework. ‘Dad?’ ‘Yeah.’ ‘Do you think it’s stupid?’ ‘What?’ ‘To fall in love.’ He pauses, then puts his walkie away. ‘What do you mean, Pear.’ ‘Like . . . now. The way things are now. I mean, everything’s so uncertain . . . is it stupid to waste time on stuff like that in a world like this? When everything might fall apart any minute?’ My dad looks at me for a long time. ‘When I met your mom,’ he says, ‘I asked myself that. And all we had going on back then was a few wars and recessions. You read "Warm Bodies Step two taking" in category "Essay examples"’ His walkie starts crackling again. He ignores it. ‘I got nineteen years with your mom. But do you think I would’ve turned down the idea if I’d known I’d only get one year? Or one month?’ He surveys the construction, shaking his head slowly. ‘There’s no benchmark for how life’s â€Å"supposed† to happen, Perry. There is no ideal world for you to wait around for. The world is always just what it is now, and it’s up to you how you respond to it.’ I look into the dark window holes of ruined office buildings. I imagine the skeletons of their occupants still sitting at their desks, working towards quotas they will never meet. ‘What if you’d only gotten a week with her?’ ‘Perry . . .’ my dad says, slightly amazed. ‘The world isn’t ending tomorrow, buddy. Okay? We’re working on fixing it. Look.’ He points at the work crews below. ‘We’re building roads. We’re going to connect to the other stadiums and hideouts, bring the enclaves together, pool our research and resources, maybe start working on a cure.’ My dad claps me on the shoulder. ‘You and me, everyone . . . we’re going to make it. Don’t give up on us yet. Okay?’ I relent with a small release of breath. ‘Okay.’ ‘Promise?’ ‘Promise.’ My dad smiles. ‘I’ll hold you to that.’ Do you know what happened next, corpse? Perry whispers from the deep shadows of my awareness. Can you guess? ‘Why are you showing me all this,’ I ask the darkness. Because it’s what’s left of me, and I want you to feel it. I’m not ready to disappear. ‘Neither am I.’ I sense a cold smile in his voice. Good. ‘There you are.’ Julie heaves herself up the ladder and stands on the roof of my new home, watching me. I glance at her, then put my face back in my hands. She makes her way over, cautious steps on the flimsy sheet metal, and sits next to me on the roof edge. Our legs dangle, swinging slowly in the cold autumn air. ‘Perry?’ I don’t answer. She studies the side of my face. She reaches out and brushes two fingers through my shaggy hair. Her blue eyes pull on me like gravity, but I resist. I stare down at the muddy street. ‘I can’t believe I’m here,’ I mumble. ‘This stupid house. With all these discards.’ She doesn’t respond immediately. When she does, it’s quiet. ‘They’re not discards. They were loved.’ ‘For a while.’ ‘Their parents didn’t leave. They were taken.’ ‘Is there a difference?’ She looks at me so hard I have no choice but to meet her gaze. ‘Your mom loved you, Perry. You’ve never had to doubt that. And so did your dad.’ I can’t hold the weight. I give in and let it fall on me. I twist my head away from Julie as the tears come. ‘Believe that God discarded you if you want to, fate or destiny or whatever, but at least you know they loved you.’ ‘What does it even matter,’ I croak, avoiding her eyes. ‘Who gives a shit. They’re dead. That’s the present. That’s what matters now.’ We don’t speak for a few minutes. The cold breeze pricks tiny bumps on our arms. Bright leaves find their way in from the outer forests, spinning down into the Stadium’s vast mouth and landing on the house’s roof. ‘You know what, Perry,’ Julie says. Her voice is shaky with hurts all her own. ‘Everything dies eventually. We all know that. People, cities, whole civilisations. Nothing lasts. So if existence was just binary, dead or alive, here or not here, what would be the fucking point in anything?’ She looks up at some falling leaves and puts out her hand to catch one, a flaming red maple. ‘My mom used to say that’s why we have memory. And the opposite of memory – hope. So things that are gone can still matter. So we can build off our pasts and make futures.’ She twirls the leaf in front of her face, back and forth. ‘Mom said life only makes any sense if we can see time how God does. Past, present and future all at once.’ I allow myself to look at Julie. She sees my tears and tries to wipe one away. ‘So what’s the future?’ I ask, not flinching as her fingers brush my eye. ‘I can see the past and the present, but what’s the future?’ ‘Well . . .’ she says with a broken laugh. ‘I guess that’s the tricky part. The past is made out of facts and history . . . I guess the future is just hope.’ ‘Or fear.’ ‘No.’ She shakes her head firmly and sticks the leaf in my hair. ‘Hope.’ The Stadium rises on the horizon as the Dead stumble forward. It looms above most of the surrounding buildings and consumes several city blocks, a gaudy monument to an era of excess, a world of waste and want and misguided dreams that is now profoundly over. Our cadaverous cadre has been walking for a little over a day, roaming the open roads like Kerouac beats with no gas money. The others are hungry, and there’s a brief, mostly wordless debate between M and the rest before they stop at an old boarded-up town house to feed. I wait outside. It’s been more days than I can remember since my last meal, but I find myself strangely content. There’s a neutral feeling in my veins, balanced precisely between hungry and sated. The screams of the people in the house pierce me more sharply than in all my days of hands-on killing, and I’m not even anywhere near them. I’m standing far out in the street, pushing my palms into my ears and waiting for it to be over. When they emerge, M avoids my gaze. He wipes the blood off his mouth with the back of his hand and shoots me just one guilty glance before brushing past. The others are not quite there yet, not even to M’s level of conscience, but there is something a little different about them, too. They take no leftovers. They dry their bloody hands on their pants. They walk in uneasy silence. It’s a start. As we get close enough to the Stadium to catch the first whiffs of the Living, I go over the plan in my head. It’s not much of a plan, really. It’s cartoonishly simple, but here’s why it might work: it’s never been tried before. There has never been enough will to make a way. A few blocks from the entry gate, we stop in an abandoned house. I go into the bathroom and study myself in the mirror like the former resident must have done a thousand times. In my head I jog through the maddening repetitions of the morning routine, getting into character. Alarm-shower-clothes-breakfast. Do I look my best? Am I putting my best foot forward? Am I stepping out the door prepared for everything this world has to throw at me? I run some gel through my hair. I splash some aftershave on my face. I straighten my tie. ‘Ready,’ I tell the others. M sizes me up. ‘Close . . . enough.’ We head for the gates. Within a few blocks, the smell of the Living is nearly overpowering. It’s as if the Stadium is a massive Tesla Coil crackling with storms of fragrant pink life-lightning. Everyone in our group stares at it in awe. Some of them drool freely. If they hadn’t just eaten, our loosely constructed strategy would collapse in an instant. Before we get within sight of the gate, we take a side street and stop at an intersection, hiding behind a UPS truck. I step out slightly and look around the corner. Less than two blocks away, four guards stand in front of the Stadium’s main entrance doors, dangling shotguns over their shoulders and chatting among themselves. Their gruff, military sentences use even fewer syllables than ours. I look at M. ‘Thanks. For . . . doing this.’ ‘Sure,’ M says. ‘Don’t . . . die.’ ‘Trying . . . not to. Are . . . ready?’ I nod. ‘Look . . . alive . . . out there.’ I smile. I brush my hair back one more time, take a deep breath, and run for it. ‘Help!’ I scream, waving my arms. ‘Help, they’re . . . right behind me!’ With my best possible balance and poise, I run towards the doors. M and the other Dead lumber after me, groaning theatrically. The guards react on instinct: they raise their guns and open fire on the zombies. An arm flies off. A leg. One of the anonymous nine loses a head and goes down. But not a single weapon points in my direction. Painting Julie’s face on the air in front of me, I sprint with Olympian focus. My stride is good, I can feel it, I look normal, alive, and so I snap neatly into a category: ‘Human’. Two more guards emerge with guns drawn, but they barely even look at me. They squint, they take aim at their targets, and they shout, ‘Go! Get in there, man!’ Two more zombies hit the ground behind me. As I slip in through the doors, I see M and the remaining Dead veer off and retreat. As they go, their gait suddenly changes. They lose their stumble and run like living things. Not as fast as me, not as graceful, but with purpose. The guards hesitate, the gunfire falters. ‘What the fuck . . . ?’ one of them mutters. Inside the entrance is a man with a clipboard and a notebook. An immigration officer, ready to take my name and have me fill out a stack of request forms before most likely tossing me out. The Dead have depended on this man for years to provide us with the defenceless stragglers we eat in the ruins outside. He comes towards me, flipping through his notebook, making no eye contact. ‘Close call, eh, friend? I’m going to need you to – ‘ ‘Ted! Look at this shit!’ Ted looks up, looks through the open doors, sees his fellow soldiers standing dumbstruck. He glances at me. ‘Wait right here.’ Ted jogs out and stops next to the guards, staring at the eerily animate zombies dashing off into the distant streets like real people. I imagine the look on the men’s faces, their stomachs bubbling with the queasy sensation that the earth under their feet is moving. Momentarily forgotten, I turn and run. I run through the dark entry corridor towards the light on the other end, wondering if this is a birth canal or the tunnel to Heaven. Am I coming or going? Either way, it’s too late to reverse. Hidden in the gloom under a red evening sky, I step into the world of the Living. How to cite Warm Bodies Step two taking, Essay examples

Business Brief Marketing Departments

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Brieffor Marketing Departments. Answer: Introduction In the modern world, Innovation has become the main area of focus for all marketing departments in different organizations world over. This has made product innovation as the central aim for organizations. Innovation is basically the process of improving organizations current processes, improving the quality of products and services as well as increasing the overall organizational efficiency. Innovation enables organizations to compete favorably in the ever competitive business world. For an organization to be viewed as innovative they and not need to entirely invent new products. A change in processes and business models geared towards providing better products that are in line with the changing consumer needs can also be viewed as innovation. For effective innovation to be carried out in an organization therefore, its paramount for an organization to understand its consumers current needs and wants. Innovation should at all times be a success strategy that is in-built as a part of other business strategies in order to build an organization culture that that is founded on innovative thinking and problem solving. Innovation has emerged as the number one factor leading to organizations success. Companies that have adopted continuous innovation as part of their strategies have been able to develop better and efficient processes which have enhanced their productivity. Innovation requires extensive research and planning. Innovation should be a response to trends I the market, change and diversification of consumers needs and finally as a result of competitors actions. Without research it will not be possible to understand customers needs and wants hence services and goods offered to them might not satisfy their needs fully. Understanding of customers is also important for provision of customer care services .without understanding of the customers this cannot be effectively achieved. Paying attention to customers buying behaviors can be one way of understanding customers. Understanding customer needs and wants involves three main steps. The first step is putting ourselves in customers shoes and looking at the business in a customers perspective. The next step involves undertaking research on consumers buying behaviors and finally asking customers direct questions regarding their wants. This brief provides information on an innovative product called the laser keyboard and the positive reception of the product into the countrys market. Understanding Consumers needs and Wants. The Need for a Laser Keyboards A Laser keyboard is a type of a keyboard that is specifically designed to be used by a wide range of devices such as smart phones, desktop computers as well as laptops. The keyboard is easily portable because of its small size; it can therefore be easily put in a pocket or students handbag. The keyboard can also be used with a number of devices including Smartphones, desktop computers and laptops. The keyboard will be loved by many users because of its features that include being based on modern advanced technology, having a lithium rechargeable battery and an optical component that is non-mechanical. Among other benefits for the product include super versatility, ability to input data proficiently and superb compatibility with devices. The new gadget will make the work for office and hospital workers as well as the people in collenges more enjoyable and fulfilling. Users of the Keyboard will benefit from its three main characteristics which include profitability, its appearance and maintenance. Smart phones and PDAs present one particular challenge in that their keys are quite small. This is a limiting factor to the amount of activity that can be carried out using these devices .This makes the keyboard more desirable because of its large keys. Connecting the keyboard with Bluetooth enables it to project a full-size keyboard, integrated with the device and which can be used to input data. The changing trends enjoyed by smart phones are remarkable. Their style plays an integral role in their portability. Some keyboards have the capability of projecting the image of the keyboard in the air. These are some of its attention grabbing aspects about their functionality. The keyboard also does not require a flat service for it to function well. The maintenance o the keyboard is also a factor that should not worry the users of the keyboard. Things such as spillages, drops, spills and other malfunctions that are commonly experienced with other keyboards will be a non issue because the key board is damage free. These are some of the reasons that will prompt consumers to purchase this keyboard. Laser Keyboards in Oman This keyboard has not yet been introduced in Oman Market but thanks to online shopping, there is the possibility of consumers in the country acquiring it even before it has been introduced in their own country. This is possible because of the existence of online shops such as Amazon, JadoPado and E-bay. People in the country have also developed interest in technology such as sky Wifi, power bank and smart pen. The products market is majorly some hospitals and colleges as well as Oman students interested in learning English, Fashion and technology. However there is a disadvantage in that many locals may not prioritize this product because of the fact that it can only type in English. However there has been an overall improvement in terms of interaction and cultural exchanges among different cultures. There has also been an overall advancement and openness towards change adoption .The cost of the key board will be around 27.26 Omani Rials but the big challenge remains whether the people of Omani will be willing to spend such amount of money on a keyboard that they can freely get on their laptops and phones. A great percentage of college students are against the notion of carrying laptops always. This is a cumbersome task for most of them especially because of the many books that they have to carry. This new keyboard can enable students will enable the students to do their homework using their smart phones which will be very cost effective for them because they will not be required to purchase laptops because they can do all their tasks using Laser keyboard. Conclusion Understanding consumers needs and wants is very important for every organization .This because the move helps organizations to develop products with specifications that can meet consumers needs .Understanding the market is also key to innovation as it enables organizations to know about consumers preferences.

Academic Ramblings from Essay Writing Service UK

Greetings everybody from everyone here at Essay Writing Service UK To begin, this being February, it seems appropriate to offer a few words on optimism and its distant cousin reality distant because, the more hopeful our ambitions become the less grounded they tend to be. Consider that February is the most optimistic month of the year, a time in which people openly announce resolutions for the entire year, which is as fanciful as it gets. It's difficult enough sticking to such resolutions for seven days let alone three-hundred and sixty five. By placing our ambitions too far afield they become impossible to reach; we set ourselves up to fail and gain nothing but the loss. The same thinking is at work when we decide that, this year, we will study every night, attend every lecture, work twice as hard, party half as much, and so on; finally, the hope runs, we will emerge from that chrysalis the beautiful butterfly we've been waiting to become. Gym membership skyrockets, but no one seems to be getting any fitter. This is because (if we're honest with o urselves), in spite of our best intentions, the likelihood of maintaining a wholesale lifestyle change for more than week is rather low. In consequence, December's lacklustre student will not suddenly become February's model scholar. The point is that genuine academic or personal change does not come at the click of a switch but, rather, is an incremental process. This is because, put simply, people don't transform, suddenly; they evolve, gradually which, in fact, is a huge relief: because, now, the pressure's off; now, you don't have to suddenly be a model student. You just have to be a model student that day. Anyone can do something for a day. And then the next day, then the next. You just need to approach your goals in the spirit of Ancient Roman architecture: one day at a time. This is the key to academic success, making things easy for yourself, first and foremost in your own head. Break it down even further. Everybody can do twenty minutes of study every day; and if you do that every day . . . You see where we're headed with this. Incrementally build your work day by day, a sentence or citation at a time, slowly constructing the final product. The trick is to do a little a bit many times rather than doing a lot a few times. Coffee fuelled all-nighters and last minute cramming sessions are not the solution. In fact such disproportionate behaviour overtaxes the mind and the body, both of which you really want in full-form all the time, let alone when sitting an exam or penning a thesis. Quick-fix study techniques will only set you back in the long run; whereas if you really understand your topic, addressing it will not be difficult. Don't make the work an enemy, make it an ally; find what you enjoy in the subject, make it work for you. Let us consider the example of the dissertation, which is likely be the longest piece of academic prose you will ever compose, a very important piece of work any way you look at it. Say you have a word count of ten thousand words. This figure can seem daunting, because it represents the outcome as opposed to the process of the work, which is the exact opposite of the way you should be thinking about it. All your focus should be on the day's contribution. If you wrote only a hundred words a day every day, you would finish your dissertation, or the first draft at least, in just over three months. This gives you another six or so months for revisions, additions, amendments, for polishing your work to a fine finish. This is how you get a first-class result. You make it easy on yourself. One hundred words a day is not an optimistic ask it is a realistic one, because it demands only a very slight change to your daily routine; and there's better news on top. The more you get into the habit of a bit of scholarly work every day, the more analytically able you will become. You will essentially be conditioning your mind to critical thinking on a regular basis. As a result, critical thinking will become part of your general way of processing information as opposed to being something you simply employ when needed; that is, it will become second nature. This ability will be a great asset when it comes to sitting exams; moreover, you will find it becomes easier and easier to complete other essays quickly and skilfully. Indeed, you will find that such mental conditioning helps you with life in general, because this daily digest of academia will be incrementally sharpening your mind in all kinds of unexpected ways, in a wax-on, wax-off kind of fashion: honing your wit, alacrity, cognition, memory, and so forth. The consistent thread in all of the above, you've probably noticed, is the fact of breaking things down into manageable chunks a kind of intellectual divide and conquer strategy, if you like. The idea being to place yourself in the most advantageous position possible by tackling objectives one process at a time. This necessarily requires a realistic and practical approach, which, if followed, will invariably deliver results. If you write a hundred words a day for a hundred days, you will have ten thousand words; no two ways about it. You just need to get your mind fixed in the right trajectory. After all, the first port of call for any great achievement is in the mind of the doer. Being able to think critically and act logically will put you in good stead for success. There is no reason not to equip yourself with every available advantage in your academic career. Make things easier on yourself. Make a new day's resolution. Start today and see how it goes; and remember, every day you meet your goal is another success, and success deserves to be rewarded. How Can I Order? It's really simple to place an order withEssay WritingService UK. Simply place the order online by clickinghere. Alternatively, feel free to call one of our friendly consultants to discuss your specific requirements on0203 011 0100. 1. Prepare in AdvanceIf you want to avoid feeling anxious in the exam hall, you want to start preparing for each exam well in advance. The last thing you want to do is start cramming last-minute as this will only get you more worked up and panicked.2. Sleep WellThere's little point in pulling an all-nighter before an exam as this will only make you exhausted and could have a negative influence on your performance. It's hard to focus on your exam if you're trying hard to stay awake!3. Healthy EatingIt's important that you eat well before your exam. A nutritious breakfast or lunch will set you in good stead for your morning or afternoon exam. Be careful not to overeat as this will make you feel tired. Likewise with not eating anything at all; even if your appetite isn't there, it will come back to haunt you at some point in the exam

Rostrum, As Used in Marine Life

Rostrum, As Used in Marine Life The term rostrum is defined as an organism’s beak or a beak-like part. The term is used in reference to cetaceans, crustaceans and some fish.   The plural form of this word is rostra. Cetacean Rostrum In cetaceans, the rostrum is  the upper jaw or â€Å"snout† of the whale. According to the Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals, the term  rostrum  also refers to the skull bones in the whale that provide support for the rostrum. Those are the forward (anterior) parts of the maxillary, premaxillary and vomerine bones. Essentially, it is made up of the bones we have between the bottom of our nose and our upper jaw, but the bones are much longer in cetaceans, especially baleen whales.   Rostrums look different in toothed whales (odontocetes) versus baleen whales (mysticetes). The toothed whales have a rostrum that is usually dorsally concave, while baleen whales have a rostrum that is ventrally concave.   More simply put, the top part of a toothed whales rostrum is shaped more like a crescent moon, while a baleen whales rostrum is shaped more like an arch. The differences in rostrum structure become pretty evident when viewing images of cetacean skulls, as is shown in the FAO identification guide here. The rostrum in a cetacean is a strong, relatively hard part of the anatomy. Dolphins can even use their rostra to   Crustacean Rostrum In a crustacean, the rostrum is the projection of the animals carapace that extends forward of the eyes. It projects from the cephalothorax, which is present in some crustaceans and is the head and thorax together, covered by a carapace. The rostrum is a hard, beak-like structure.   In a lobster, for example, the rostrum projects between the eyes. It looks like a nose, but it is not (lobster smell with their annentules, but thats another topic). Its function is thought to be simply to protect the lobsters eyes, especially when two lobsters have a conflict. The Lobster Rostrums Contribution to History In the 1630s, European warriors wore a lobster tail helmet that had overlapping plates hanging from the back to protect the neck and a nasal bar in the front, modeled after a lobsters rostrum.   Oddly enough, lobster rostrums have also been used as a cure for kidney stones and urinary diseases.   In shrimp, the rostrum is also known as the head spine, which is a hard projection between the animals eyes.   In barnacles (which are crustaceans but dont have visible eyes like lobsters do, the rostrum is one of the six shell plates that make up the animals exoskeleton. It is the plate located on the anterior end of the barnacle.   Fish Rostrum Some fish have body parts that are referred to as a rostrum. These include billfish such as sailfish (the long bill) and sawfish (the saw). Rostrum, As Used in a Sentence When the minke whale surfaces to breathe, its rostrum usually appears first, followed by the top of its head and its back.I needed to pass a kidney stone, so I roasted a lobsters rostrum and then mashed it up and dissolved it in wine. (Yes, this was purportedly a cure for kidney stones in the Middle Ages and Renaissance).   Sources American Cetacean Society. Cetacean Curriculum.Accessed October 30, 2015.Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. Crustacean Glossary. Accessed October 30, 2015.Perrin, W.F., Wursig, B. and J.G.M. Thewissen. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press.  p.1366.St. Lawrence Global Observatory. American Lobster - Characteristics.  Accessed October 30, 2015.The Lobster Conservancy. 2004. Lobster Biology.  Accessed October 30, 2015.University of Bristol. Crustacea.  Accessed October 30, 2015.

Leadership Effectiveness, Leadership Style and Employee Readiness Essay

Leadership Effectiveness, Leadership Style and Employee Readiness - Essay Example In SLT, leadership effectiveness is thought to be enhanced if "a manager uses the style of leadership that best matches the readiness, ability and willingness of subordinates and that a good match between leadership style and subordinate readiness leads to a higher level of subordinate satisfaction and performance." (Chen & Silverthorne, 2005, pp.280-288). The focus of this article was primarily to thoroughly view, discuss, and advise on the topic of proper leadership. The matter of how truly crucial good leadership is (in the workplace) and how the actions of the leader(s) affect the overall outcome is a major point of discussion in the article, with Chen and Silverthorne's main precept being that as the level of follower readiness increases, so will that of the leader, and that "a leader's task and behaviors interact with subordinate readiness to significantly influence leader effectiveness, which is defined as the extent to which a follower demonstrates the ability and willingness to accomplish a specific task." (Chen & Silverthorne, 2005, pp.280-288). In other words, the way a leader behaves and interacts and the methods he uses with employees incredibly affect the ability and will... In other words, the way a leader behaves and interacts and the methods he uses with employees incredibly affect the ability and willingness the employees (or 'followers') will have to accomplish specific tasks. What are Three Major Findings we can Draw From This Article The first and perhaps most significant finding which can be drawn after a review of this article is that of how incredibly crucial proper leadership is. It is the leaders who make the greatest impact, whether physically, emotionally, or efficiently; it has been said that leaders "have a strong influence on employee and organizational outcomes." (Vries et al, 1998, pp.486-501). One of the main sources of job stress has been linked to the organizational climate and staff attitude created by the leadership style of supervisors and managers in the workplace. It is for reasons such as this that Chen and Silverthorne wrote this article; leadership is a critical subject matter in regards to efficient and positive results. Another finding is that of employee satisfaction and how important a factor it is in the overall scheme of things. "It has long been believed that employee satisfaction increases employee performance and productivity and satisfaction and performance are correlated." (Lucas, 1999, pp.774-778). Voluntary turnover occurs when an employee terminates the employment relationship themselves. In 2001, Price found that most turnover is voluntary and is, therefore, potentially avoidable and controllable, costly, and disruptive to an organization. (pp.353-508). Whether particularly regarding poor job feedback, job dissatisfaction, unmet job expectations, performance

Fallow's viva bilingualism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fallow's viva bilingualism - Essay Example He notes that the initiatives are based on American fears. One of the fears is that the human brain cannot be able to accommodate different languages. The other fear is noted that America’s fear that English language is likely to be edged by other languages. In his argument, Fallows notes that it is possible for the brain to accommodate different languages. He notes competence gained by those who speak various languages such as in Indonesia and Malaysia. Fallows further notes that countries such as Japan have been encouraging study of English as a way of boosting communication. This is seen as a way of boosting prominence of English language rather than a threat to the existence of language. Analysis of the author essay will help in highlighting the intention of the author. The author makes several claims in the essay. The first major claim is that the reason Americans are against bilingualism is that they view it as polygamy. The perception of bilingualism as polygamy makes Americans shy away from embracing other languages. In America society, polygamy is seen as failing to work as it leads to skewed commitment to the spouse. Commitment of man to one wife is seen as depleting what is available for the other wife. The same analogy is used in the English language. The author notes that the perception is that there is less room in individual’s brain. Hence, commitment to one language such as Spanish would mean lack of room to learn and understand another language such as English. The author uses statistics to highlight the reason for such behavior. He notes â€Å"Ninety –nine percent of all Americans can happily live their lives speaking and thinking about no other language but English† (Fallows, n.d, p 260). The other major claim by the author is that fear of bilingualism is based on perceived threat to English language. He notes that

Ion Drive Propulsion: An Overview

Ion Drive Propulsion: An Overview TANG,YOUHENG Ion Drive propulsion, also called ion engine, which is a technology that involves gas ionization and can be used instead of standard chemicals. Give an electrical charge or ionize the gas xenon, which is like neon or helium, but heavier, the ionized gas can be electrically accelerated a speed of about 30km/s by the electric field force. When xenon ions are emitted at such high speed as exhaust from a spaceship, the spacecraft can be pushed in the opposite direction. The ion engine was firstly demonstrated by Emst Stuhliger, the German-born NASA scientist. Then at NASA Lewis Research Center (now called Glenn research center) from 1957 to the early 1960s IDP was developed in form by Harold R.Kaufman. Moreover, the ion drive propulsion was first demonstrated in space in â€Å"Space Electric Rocket Test (SERT)† I and II by NASA Lewis Research Center. The SERT-1, which is the first test was launched in July 20, 1964, proved the technology operated as predicted in space successfully. Furthermore, the second test SERT-II, which was launched on February 3rd 1970, verified the thousands of running hours operation of two mercury ion drive propulsions, though IDP were seldom used before the late 1990s. â€Å"Electric propulsion works by using electrical energy to accelerate a propellant to much higher velocities than is possible using chemical reactions. The most common propellant used in ion engines is xenon. Early ion engines used mercury and cesium, but they proved hard to work with. At room temperature, mercury is liquid and cesium is solid; they both must be heated to turn them into gases. Also, as mercury or cesium exhaust cooled, many of their atoms would condense on the exterior of the spacecraft, contaminating solar cells and instruments. Eventually researchers turned to xenon as a cleaner, simpler fuel for ion engines.† (De Felice, 1999). For IDP’s operation system, it uses an electric field to accelerate charged atoms or molecules to a high velocity. Ion thrusters generally use a cathode to generate a stream of electrons, which form an electric circuit with a positively charged ring the anode. A small magnetic field is used to aid this process (electrons spiral around the magnetic field lines, increasing the chance of electron-atom collisions). The ionized gas is accelerated out of the thruster and drifts towards an extraction grid system, so it can produce thrust. A neutraliser similar to the cathode is used to generate free electrons and balance the overall space charge of the outgoing beam so that the spacecraft does not charge itself up. To deal with this problem NASAs Deep Space 1 probe is testing a new type of ion thruster. The following description of DS-1s ion thrusters is from the official DS-1 Website: â€Å"Its ion propulsion system (IPS) utilizes a hollow cathode to produce electrons, used to ionize xenon. The Xe+ is electrostatically accelerated through a potential of up to 1280 V and emitted from the 30-cm thruster through a molybdenum grid. A separate electron beam is emitted to produce a neutral plasma beam. The power-processing unit (PPU) of the IPS can accept as much as 2.5 kW, corresponding to a peak thruster operating power of 2.3 kW and a thrust of 92 m N. Throttling is achieved by balancing thruster and Xe feed system parameters at lower power levels, and at the lowest thruster power, 500 W, the thrust is 20 m N. The specific impulse decreases from 3100 s at high power to 1900 s at the minimum throttle level. (De Felice, 1999)† Mostly, IDP is being used in aerospace application. Here are a couple of simple examples. Deep Space 1 which is a spacecraft of the NASA New Millennium Program dedicated to testing a payload of advanced, high risk technologies.Also it is the first spacecraft which used ion drive propulsion. Hayabusa which is an unmanned spacecraft developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) to return a sample of material from a small near-Earth asteroid named 25143 Itokawa to Earth for further analysis and used xenon ion engines Dawm which is a space probe launched by NASA on September 27, 2007, to study the two most massive objects of the asteroid belt–the protoplanet Vesta and the dwarf planet Ceres. It is the first NASA exploratory mission to use ion propulsion to enter orbits. There are three advantages of Ion Drive Propulsion which can probably explain why IDP is being used. First, it uses much less propellant than chemical rocketry so it may promise better reliability and simplicity than chemical rocketry or, from another perspective, it gets much more mileage out of a given quantity of propellant. Third, it could use 100% lunar or asteroid derived propellant. IDP can push a spacecraft up to about ten times as fast as chemical propulsion comparing IDP with chemical propulsion under the circumstances which ion propulsion is appropriate for. To sum up, the ion propulsion systems efficient use of electrical power and fuel enables modern spacecraft to travel farther, and it is cheaper than any other propulsion technology currently available. Ion drive propulsion is currently used for main propulsion on deep space probes and for station keeping on communication satellites. Ion thrusters expel ions to create thrust and can provide higher spacecraft top speeds than any other rocket which is available currently. In addition, the top speed of ion drive propulsion is startling. By using the principle of relativity, a physical situation could be analyzed from any reference frame as long as it moves with some constant speed relative to a known inertial frame. As a function of the proper time Ï„ experienced on the rocket, the acceleration of the rocket is a (Ï„),in Newtonian mechanics there is a quantity which increases the way velocity called the rapidity of the rocket . The rapidity ÃŽ ¸ will be ÃŽ ¸(Ï„)=∠« Ï„ 0 a(Ï„)dÏ„ The velocity is then v(Ï„)=tanhÃŽ ¸ . If a=g ,v(Ï„)=tanh(gÏ„) So if one year has passed on the rocket, the time on Earth will be tanh(1.05)=0.78C which means 78% of light. Since the limit of tanh is one as τ→∞, so the velocity of rocket will never get light speed. A more important limiting factor is the fuel. Fusion isnt a way around this because of E=mc^2 there is a limited energy can be calculate from a given mass of fuel. If a fraction (f) of the rocket is fuel, if all the fuel are burned, the momentum of the rocket will be ÃŽ ³m(1−f)ÃŽ ², with m the original mass. The conservation of momentum and energy give m=ÃŽ ³m(1−f)+E fuel 0=ÃŽ ³mÃŽ ²(1−f)+p fuel ÃŽ ²=−p fuel m−E fuel According the formulas and result shows that the fuel and rocket go opposite directions. To maximize ÃŽ ², make p fuel as large as possible and subject to a fixed E fuel so assume the fuel is massless with ÃŽ ² fuel =1 p fuel =−E fuel . ÃŽ ²=1−(1−f) 2 1+(1−f) 2 à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ To sum up, even the fuel has 50% of the rockets original mass it just can get 3/5C. Researching in the area of ion propulsion is pushing the envelope of propulsion technology. To achieve higher power levels and speeds, longer durations advancements are being made. As new power sources become available, higher power thrusters will be developed that provide greater speed and more thrust. Nowadays, PPU and PMS technologies are being developed that will allow NASA to build lighter and more compact systems while increasing reliability. These technologies will allow humankind to explore the farthest reaches of our solar system also it will allow humankind to explore the farthest reaches which is out of our solar system. Work Cited List NASA:â€Å"New Millennium Program† http://nmp.jpl.nasa.gov/ds1/tech/ionpropfaq.html Lucian Dorneanu : â€Å"How Does Ion Drive Propulsion Work?† May 10th, 2007, 21:06 GMT http://news.softpedia.com/news/How-Does-Ion-Drive-Propulsion-Work-54439.shtml Permanent.com: â€Å"Electric Propulsion for Inter-Orbital Vehicles†Ã‚  http://www.permanent.com/space-transportation-electric.html Dennis Ward:â€Å"Electric(Ion)Propulsion†Ã‚  http://eo.ucar.edu/staff/dward/sao/fit/electric.htm