Ion Drive Propulsion: An Overview

Ion Drive Propulsion: An Overview TANG,YOUHENG Ion Drive propulsion, also called ion engine, which is a technology that involves gas ionization and can be used instead of standard chemicals. Give an electrical charge or ionize the gas xenon, which is like neon or helium, but heavier, the ionized gas can be electrically accelerated a speed of about 30km/s by the electric field force. When xenon ions are emitted at such high speed as exhaust from a spaceship, the spacecraft can be pushed in the opposite direction. The ion engine was firstly demonstrated by Emst Stuhliger, the German-born NASA scientist. Then at NASA Lewis Research Center (now called Glenn research center) from 1957 to the early 1960s IDP was developed in form by Harold R.Kaufman. Moreover, the ion drive propulsion was first demonstrated in space in â€Å"Space Electric Rocket Test (SERT)† I and II by NASA Lewis Research Center. The SERT-1, which is the first test was launched in July 20, 1964, proved the technology operated as predicted in space successfully. Furthermore, the second test SERT-II, which was launched on February 3rd 1970, verified the thousands of running hours operation of two mercury ion drive propulsions, though IDP were seldom used before the late 1990s. â€Å"Electric propulsion works by using electrical energy to accelerate a propellant to much higher velocities than is possible using chemical reactions. The most common propellant used in ion engines is xenon. Early ion engines used mercury and cesium, but they proved hard to work with. At room temperature, mercury is liquid and cesium is solid; they both must be heated to turn them into gases. Also, as mercury or cesium exhaust cooled, many of their atoms would condense on the exterior of the spacecraft, contaminating solar cells and instruments. Eventually researchers turned to xenon as a cleaner, simpler fuel for ion engines.† (De Felice, 1999). For IDP’s operation system, it uses an electric field to accelerate charged atoms or molecules to a high velocity. Ion thrusters generally use a cathode to generate a stream of electrons, which form an electric circuit with a positively charged ring the anode. A small magnetic field is used to aid this process (electrons spiral around the magnetic field lines, increasing the chance of electron-atom collisions). The ionized gas is accelerated out of the thruster and drifts towards an extraction grid system, so it can produce thrust. A neutraliser similar to the cathode is used to generate free electrons and balance the overall space charge of the outgoing beam so that the spacecraft does not charge itself up. To deal with this problem NASAs Deep Space 1 probe is testing a new type of ion thruster. The following description of DS-1s ion thrusters is from the official DS-1 Website: â€Å"Its ion propulsion system (IPS) utilizes a hollow cathode to produce electrons, used to ionize xenon. The Xe+ is electrostatically accelerated through a potential of up to 1280 V and emitted from the 30-cm thruster through a molybdenum grid. A separate electron beam is emitted to produce a neutral plasma beam. The power-processing unit (PPU) of the IPS can accept as much as 2.5 kW, corresponding to a peak thruster operating power of 2.3 kW and a thrust of 92 m N. Throttling is achieved by balancing thruster and Xe feed system parameters at lower power levels, and at the lowest thruster power, 500 W, the thrust is 20 m N. The specific impulse decreases from 3100 s at high power to 1900 s at the minimum throttle level. (De Felice, 1999)† Mostly, IDP is being used in aerospace application. Here are a couple of simple examples. Deep Space 1 which is a spacecraft of the NASA New Millennium Program dedicated to testing a payload of advanced, high risk technologies.Also it is the first spacecraft which used ion drive propulsion. Hayabusa which is an unmanned spacecraft developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) to return a sample of material from a small near-Earth asteroid named 25143 Itokawa to Earth for further analysis and used xenon ion engines Dawm which is a space probe launched by NASA on September 27, 2007, to study the two most massive objects of the asteroid belt–the protoplanet Vesta and the dwarf planet Ceres. It is the first NASA exploratory mission to use ion propulsion to enter orbits. There are three advantages of Ion Drive Propulsion which can probably explain why IDP is being used. First, it uses much less propellant than chemical rocketry so it may promise better reliability and simplicity than chemical rocketry or, from another perspective, it gets much more mileage out of a given quantity of propellant. Third, it could use 100% lunar or asteroid derived propellant. IDP can push a spacecraft up to about ten times as fast as chemical propulsion comparing IDP with chemical propulsion under the circumstances which ion propulsion is appropriate for. To sum up, the ion propulsion systems efficient use of electrical power and fuel enables modern spacecraft to travel farther, and it is cheaper than any other propulsion technology currently available. Ion drive propulsion is currently used for main propulsion on deep space probes and for station keeping on communication satellites. Ion thrusters expel ions to create thrust and can provide higher spacecraft top speeds than any other rocket which is available currently. In addition, the top speed of ion drive propulsion is startling. By using the principle of relativity, a physical situation could be analyzed from any reference frame as long as it moves with some constant speed relative to a known inertial frame. As a function of the proper time Ï„ experienced on the rocket, the acceleration of the rocket is a (Ï„),in Newtonian mechanics there is a quantity which increases the way velocity called the rapidity of the rocket . The rapidity ÃŽ ¸ will be ÃŽ ¸(Ï„)=∠« Ï„ 0 a(Ï„)dÏ„ The velocity is then v(Ï„)=tanhÃŽ ¸ . If a=g ,v(Ï„)=tanh(gÏ„) So if one year has passed on the rocket, the time on Earth will be tanh(1.05)=0.78C which means 78% of light. Since the limit of tanh is one as τ→∞, so the velocity of rocket will never get light speed. A more important limiting factor is the fuel. Fusion isnt a way around this because of E=mc^2 there is a limited energy can be calculate from a given mass of fuel. If a fraction (f) of the rocket is fuel, if all the fuel are burned, the momentum of the rocket will be ÃŽ ³m(1−f)ÃŽ ², with m the original mass. The conservation of momentum and energy give m=ÃŽ ³m(1−f)+E fuel 0=ÃŽ ³mÃŽ ²(1−f)+p fuel ÃŽ ²=−p fuel m−E fuel According the formulas and result shows that the fuel and rocket go opposite directions. To maximize ÃŽ ², make p fuel as large as possible and subject to a fixed E fuel so assume the fuel is massless with ÃŽ ² fuel =1 p fuel =−E fuel . ÃŽ ²=1−(1−f) 2 1+(1−f) 2 à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ To sum up, even the fuel has 50% of the rockets original mass it just can get 3/5C. Researching in the area of ion propulsion is pushing the envelope of propulsion technology. To achieve higher power levels and speeds, longer durations advancements are being made. As new power sources become available, higher power thrusters will be developed that provide greater speed and more thrust. Nowadays, PPU and PMS technologies are being developed that will allow NASA to build lighter and more compact systems while increasing reliability. These technologies will allow humankind to explore the farthest reaches of our solar system also it will allow humankind to explore the farthest reaches which is out of our solar system. Work Cited List NASA:â€Å"New Millennium Program† http://nmp.jpl.nasa.gov/ds1/tech/ionpropfaq.html Lucian Dorneanu : â€Å"How Does Ion Drive Propulsion Work?† May 10th, 2007, 21:06 GMT http://news.softpedia.com/news/How-Does-Ion-Drive-Propulsion-Work-54439.shtml Permanent.com: â€Å"Electric Propulsion for Inter-Orbital Vehicles†Ã‚  http://www.permanent.com/space-transportation-electric.html Dennis Ward:â€Å"Electric(Ion)Propulsion†Ã‚  http://eo.ucar.edu/staff/dward/sao/fit/electric.htm

Ghost Solder

Stirrup-a loop, ring, or other contrivance of metal, wood, leather, etc. , suspended from the saddle of a horse to support the rider's foot. Her foot was stuck in the stirrup. Musket-a heavy, large-caliber smoothbore gun for infantry soldiers, introduced in the 16th century. He shot the musket. Hospitable-receiving or treating guests or strangers warmly and generously. That was a vary hospitable family. Siege-the act or process of surrounding and attacking a fortified place in such a way as to isolate it from help and supplies, for the purpose of lessening the resistance of the defenders and thereby making capture possible. Sherman’s March was a siege. Archives-documents or records relating to the activities, business dealings, etc. , of a person, family, corporation, association, community, or nation. That drawer is felled with archives Mortars-a receptacle of hard material, having a bowl-shaped cavity in which substances are reduced to powder with a pestle. Minie ball-a conical bullet with a hollow base that expanded when fired, used in the 19th century. when he shot the gun a minie ball fired. Cretin-a stupid, obtuse, or mentally defective person. He is cretin. Mellow-soft and rich, as sound, tones, color, or light. That color is mellow Percussion-a sharp blow for detonating a percussion cap or the fuze of an artillery shell. The percussion of all the gun fire hurt my ears. Conflict- Alexander dose not want to go to his dads girlfriends house in NC. And dose not want his dad to remarry his mom left him. He has to help richeson find out what happened to his family. s Climax-When Alexander goes throw the window of time and Richeson asks for his help. Resolution-Alexander helps Richeson’s and come to terms with his own past.

A Discussion on Islamic Militancy

Islam is an age old religion that espouses spirituality, and calls for a life of worship, faith work and submission to the will of a supreme being called Allah by following rules, set forth in the pillars of the Islamic faith, in the teaching found in the holy book the Koran and teachings of prophets of the faith. How then can a religion that professes such benevolence and deep spirituality and obedience be linked to acts of terrorism?Perhaps, the most common connection is found in the first pillar of Islam faith, which is; to bear witness that there is no entity worthy of worship except Allah alone, and that Muhammad was his messenger. Taken out of context and blown out of proportions perhaps, to this effect, is the concept of Jihad or a holy war (Pipes, 2002).There is no straight-out definition of what a jihad is, one holds it to be holy war waged against other Muslims who are said to be infidels due to a difference in their interpretation of the fait. On the other hand, another de finition of jihad is the call for Muslims to reject the legal armed conflict in order to attain deeper spiritual state of enlightenment. Why then does this â€Å"militant† brand of Islam thrive?Warner (2001), an American writer, columnist who focuses on Islam posits that it is due to the victories that these militant groups have achieved, that is why this radical ideology thrives. He further said that in 2004, Muslims were on top of the heap, better off that most of their world contemporaries (Warner, 2001). He also said that some Muslims feel the need to be on top again; hence this implies hostile relations with the Western world, as this is seen as the source of their problems (Warner, 2001).While there are only 10 to 15 percent of the Muslim world currently espousing this belief, with approximately one billion Muslims in the world, there are easily 100 million to 150 million of them. Coupled with misinformation, and lack of understanding of the Islamic faith, this is the r eason for such ideology to thrive among Muslims or otherwise.REFERENCESArave, L. (n.d.). Militant Islam thrives on its success. Retrieved February 18, 2009, fromhttp://209.85.175.132/search?q=cache:RvCXXjWGddIJ:findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4188/is_20040206 /ai_n11439530+why+does+militant+islam+thrive&hl=tl&ct=clnk&cd=6&gl=ph

Malnutrition Essay - 1715 Words

Cassidy Burkholder Informative Paper English Comp. 1 Mr. Broadfoot 20th of November 2012 Malnutrition Around the World For most us Americans, knowing when we’re going to eat next is something we very rarely think of, and when we do think about being hungry we still know where our food is coming from. Three big meals a day, and a few snacks in between, is how most of us live. It’s hard for us to imagine what its like for those who go days eating very little or nothing at all. But unfortunately that’s how it is for most of the world and surprisingly it happens in the United Sates as well. There are many reasons malnutrition can happen, and it happens to every age group. Even though there are many ways to treat it, in the†¦show more content†¦The ten states who felt it the most were Mississippi, New Mexico, Texas, South Carolina, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Utah, Arkansas, Kentucky, and Arizona. (Haerens 36) While there are malnourished people in America, it is much worse all around the world, mostly in third world countries. There are three pred ominate reasons why third world countries are hit hard with malnutrition, 1) poor families aren’t given government help, 2) difficulties with economy and 3) higher food prices. (â€Å"2012 World Hunger†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) As stated in the website â€Å"2012 World Hunger and Poverty Facts and Statistics,† in the world there are 925 million hungry people, most of them in Asia, the Pacific and Africa. These people live on $1.25 or less a day. Minimum wage is $7.25 in the U.S., and most people work 8 hours a day, so that means they would be getting fifty-eight dollars a day. It would take someone in a third world country about forty-seven days to make what someone makes in America in 8 hours. And most of them spend that money on food and medical needs, but $1.25 is not enough. In the United States if a family doesn’t have enough money for medical help, they can still go see a doctor, but in other countries it’s very different. More than 30,000 children die per year from preventable sickness because they can’t go see a doctor. And as for food, Americans have access to food every hour of the day. The wealthiest 5th of the world consumes 86% of all goods, as stated in Child Welfare League ofShow MoreRelatedHunger, Malnutrition, And Malnutrition1102 Words   |  5 Pages Hunger and malnutrition in Africa has been on the increase, have affected many Africans in different ways since 1900’s. Children and adults both are facing devastating hunger and malnutrition crisis across a south of Africa. Some of the regions that are strongly affected by hunger and malnutrition issues includes Countries like Ethiopia, Kenya and Zambia. Commonness of malnourishment in total populations of Kenya is 28% in Ethiopia 37% and in Zambia 45%. People in these populations are sufferingRead MoreMalnutrition Is An Epidemic Caused By Malnutrition1218 Words   |  5 PagesMalnutrition poses a large problem to thousands of people living in Ethiopia. Malnutrition is insufficient, excessive, or imbalanced consumption of protein, energy, or micronutrients. In Ethiopia, malnutrition is an epidemic caused by inadequate agricultural methods affecting the health and daily lives of many Ethiopians. Due to the poor agriculture methods in this third world country, there can be de ficient health in children and their mothers during and after the pregnancy. Organizations likeRead MoreMalnutrition And Malnutrition Among Children1923 Words   |  8 Pages Malnutrition Amongst Children in India People who are malnourished lack nutrients the body needs for proper health and development. â€Å"Malnutrition is the inadequate nutrition caused by the lack of a balanced diet or by disorders of the digestive system in which the nutrients from food cannot be absorbed properly† (dictionary.com). Chronic malnutrition can cause severe health problems. In recent years, India has had an unprecedented economic growth. It improved in education, agriculture, and technologyRead MoreMalnutrition in Children4819 Words   |  20 PagesLimitation of the study 4 1.7 Assumption of the study 5 1.8 Conceptual framework 5 1.9 Definition of terms 6 CHAPTER II: 7 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 7 2.1 Definition of malnutrition 7 2.2 Causes of malnutrition 7 2.3 Forms of protein calories malnutrition 9 2.4 Impact of malnutrition 9 2.5 Management of malnutrition 10 2.6 Prevention of malnutrition 10 CHAPTER III 11 3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 11 3.1 Introduction 11 3.2 Research design 11 3.3 Location of the study. 11 3.4 Target population 12 3.5 Sample sizeRead MoreEssay on Malnutrition1807 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Malnutrition is a global challenge in low-income and middle-income countries particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia (Shetty, 2002, Black, et al., 2008). 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Furthermore, the population of Nepal, especially women and children, are affected by major micronu trient deficiencies. Malnutrition increases the risk of mortality inRead MoreTaking a Look at Malnutrition1761 Words   |  7 PagesMalnutrition is defined as â€Å"lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having enough to eat, not eating enough of the right things, or being unable to use the food that one does eat†. Some may argue that the main concept of malnutrition has to do with the amount of food and water that a certain group of people consumes in a specific location. Others are more likely to argue that it has to do with the bacteria and things that the food and water contain. It is both of these things. Malnutrition is a seriousRead MoreThe Dangers Of Hunger And Malnutrition1432 Words   |  6 Pagesare facing the burden of hunger and undernutrition/malnutrition. Tackling hunger is one of the greatest challenges of the times. Hunger is triggered by multiple dimensions and causes, ranging from deficiencies in macro- and micro-nutrients, through short-term shocks on f ood access, to chronic shortages. The food and agriculture sectors play a major role in exaggerating the consequences of hunger and undernutrition. Extreme hunger and malnutrition/undernourishment remains a barrier to sustainable

Epic of Beowulf - Where Did the Christianity in Beowulf...

Where Did the Christianity in Beowulf Come From? The Christian influences in Beowulf ultimately came from the Christian/Catholic Church of Rome which converted Romans, and thereby the Roman legions and thereby the occupied provinces. Also the Christian/Catholic Bishop of Rome sent missionary priests and monks to the British Isles to proselytze the population. There are additional considerations too. First of all, let us be clear about the fact that the conversion of Britain to Christianity began quite early. The Catholic priest Venerable Bede, born in Bernicia, Northumbria, around 673, states in Bk 1, Ch 4 of his Ecclesiastical History of the English People that while Eleutherius was Bishop of Rome (175-189AD), a king†¦show more content†¦Eusebius quotes the then-existent works of earlier writers like the Jewish historian Josephus, the philosopher Philo, Clement, Papias, and church writers like Dionysius of Corinth and Caius who lived before the year 100. In Book2, chapter14 of the Ecclesiastical History Eusebius recounts how the anti-Christian Simon Magus encountered Peter the apostle in Rome: He [Simon Magus] undertook a great journey from the East across the sea and fled to the West, thinking that this was the only way for him to live according to his mind. Entering the city of Rome, by the cooperation of that malignant spirit which had fixed its seat there, his attempts were soon so far successful as to be honored as a god with the erection of a statue by the inhabitants of that city. This, however, did not continue long; immediately under the reign of Claudius, by the benign and gracious providence of God, Peter, that powerful and great apostle, who by his courage took the lead of all the rest, was conducted to Rome against this pest of mankind. He, like a noble commander of God fortified with the divine armor, bore the precious merchandise of the revealed light from the East to those in the West, announcing the light itself and salutary doctrine of the soul the proclamation of the kingdom of God. Since Emperor Claudius died in 54AD and was succeeded by Tiberius Claudius Nero, Peter was preaching in Rome sometime prior to 54. Book2, ch 15 of the Ecclesiastical History beginsShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of William Shakespeare s The Epic Of The English 1113 Words   |  5 PagesMadison Zuber Beowulf Essay Over time Beowulf, the oldest epic poem in the English language, has seen itself recreated through literature, graphic novels, music, opera and theatre, comics, board games, video games, and movies including Beowulf and Grendel directed by Sturla Gunnarsson which features actors such as Gerard Butler, Spencer Wilding, Sarah Polley, Stellan Skarsgard, Tony Curran and Mark Lewis. While some similarities between the movie and the epic are evident, the differences betweenRead MoreEssay on Good vs Evil in Beowulf1568 Words   |  7 PagesIn Beowulf, the clash between good and evil is the poems main and most significant focal point. Although the epic poem Beowulf utilizes many characteristics of Christian themes, the violence in the poem relates to paganism. By exploring the characteristics of â€Å"good vs. evil† such as Cain, Grendel and Beowulf, this paper will explore the elements of Beowulf in such a light. The Anglo-Saxon poem, Beowulf, was originally told orally then later was written down anonymously in the Old English languageRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Beowulf900 Words   |  4 PagesThe main character in the epic poem â€Å"Beowulf† is Beowulf. An epic hero is one that has superhuman qualities and who beholds values of his society and is braver than life. â€Å"Epics are stories told on a grand scale, with armies, heroes, gods, and the brutal forces of nature depicted over long character arcs and sweeping landscapes.† (Rebecca Ray 1) Beowulf is a selfless warrior that puts the kingdom of Herot first and tries to rid evil for the people. Beowulf wanted to help his kingdom. The evilRead MoreChristianity : The Rise Of Christianity1512 Words   |  7 PagesBefore the rise of Christianity as a major religion in the European area, Paganism was a belief that was common among all people across Europe. Paganism involved polytheistic beliefs with ritualistic tradition and animal sacrifice. This belief was common in the Anglo-Saxon tradition, which is from where the epic poem Beowulf is thought to have originated circa 550 AD. Due to the origins of Beowulf being surrounded by Pagan tradition and culture and reliance on the method of oral recitation of theRead MoreChristianism And Paganism In Beowulf2091 Words   |  9 PagesChristianity vs. Paganism Beowulf is an epic poem combining different stories consisting of contrasting elements, such as paganism and Christianity. Within these stories of Beowulf and the followers of Beowulf, as well as the enemies, paganism actually played the role of the largest religion practiced versus that of Christianity. The stories that make up this epic go by their own titles like, The Wrath of Grendel, The Coming of Beowulf, The Battle with Grendel, The Monster’s Lair, The Battle withRead MoreThe Epic Poem Beowulf 3048 Words   |  13 Pages Given, the current high profile debate with regard to dating the epic poem Beowulf, it is quite surprising that some scholars go as far as placing it during the Vendel era around 550 - 793 CE. Eventhough it is considered as a kind of folk tale, many are those who believe it happened towards the early Vendel era. As a rebuttal to this point, it might be convincingly argued that this period is also referred to as the Germanic Iron Age. Moreover, this era saw the rise of Norse mythology, which is veryRead MoreEssay about Christian Sybolism in Beowulf1598 Words   |  7 PagesChristian Sybolism in Beowulf Within the poem Beowulf, the poet utilizes the Christian religion to symbolize the elements of good and evil and Heaven and Hell. Beowulf is the oldest known English epic poem. The manuscripts date back to about 1000 A.D., when two scribes wrote it down for posterity. The poem was handed down from the Anglo-Saxon period, and through the retelling of the poem, it changed a little each time. The poem creates an oral depiction of an epic hero who strived toRead MorePagan And Paganism In Beowulf1699 Words   |  7 PagesMany people believe that originally, Beowulf was a Pagan artifact. In fact, such belief has developed further to support that an anonymous Christian rewrote the piece with intent of applying Christian characters to the first script. Academics, however, differ on whether the central thematic argument was Christian or Pagan. The author remarkably puts actions into the context of the Bible owing to the impulse at the era of converting everyone to Christianity. By, i nterlocking the old Pagan elementsRead MoreBeowulf Is The Oldest Recorded Poem1328 Words   |  6 PagesThe epic poem, Beowulf, is the oldest recorded poem in English and at 3200 lines long, comprises roughly ten percent of the surviving poetry in Old English. Although written in this language, Beowulf focuses on the feats of the poem’s namesake Beowulf, a Geatish prince, and the invading Germanic tribes in Denmark. Understood early on in the poem, these tribes have a lengthy and powerful warrior culture; a culture heavily influenced by heroic virtues, blood vengeance, and paganism. Along with theseRead MoreThe Impact Of Christian Features On Beowulf3125 Words   |  13 PagesELMARRACHI 11 AMINE ELMARRACHI Professor: Dr. Robinson ENG-205 Research paper 11/21/2015 The Impact of Christian Features on Beowulf. Given, the current high profile debate with regard to dating the epic poem Beowulf, it is quite surprising that some scholars go as far as placing it during the Vendel era around 550 - 793 CE. Even though it is considered as a kind of folk tale, many are those who believe it happened towards the early Vendel era. As a rebuttal to this point, it might

`` When They Aren t Eating Us, They Bring Us Together ...

When it comes to survival Leah A. Murray in her article, â€Å"When They Aren’t Eating Us, They Bring Us Together: Zombies and the American Social Contract† suggests that individuals that have a community built on a common goal gives these people the best odds of surviving a Posthuman event. The episode â€Å"Killer Within† of The Walking Dead shows Rick, Carol, Maggie, Glenn, and Daryl acting individualistic towards members not in their pre-established community in an effort to protect themselves from potential dangers. However, T-Dog demonstrates a communitarian approach by wanting to allow new people to join their community. According to Murray Individualism is when individuals are self-reliant and put their needs in front of anyone else, and communitarianism is when individuals put the needs of society above their own. These citizens work together and have a sense of community and self-sacrifice. In The Walking Dead season three episode, â€Å"Killer Within, † Rick and his group demonstrate Murray s concept of individualism as they oppose the idea of adding new people to their group because they fear them. However, T-Dog represents a communitarian approach as he strives to convince Rick and the others that the new people should be initiated into Rick’s group. In a previous episode, Rick and his group found prisoners still alive and living inside the prison where they are also residing, but a few of them had since died. Only two were known to still be alive. This episode begins by

Foundation of Workplace Success for Employers - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theFoundation of Workplace Success for Employers. Answer: Introduction Employers are continually in search of a workforce that is endowed with right skills, knowledge, and experience to meet the needs of today's dynamic organization effectively. The prospects of many employers keep on varying from time to time as they seek to respond to the changing needs and desires of their customers (Rao, 2010). Despite the existence of some employment opportunities, many job seekers are not able to fill the job opening due to the lack of employability skills. Employers are currently not only interested in a person who exhibits knowledge of performing a task but are looking for candidates who are all rounded by possessing the art and craft of the job. In this highly competitive corporate world, every prospective employee should ensure they possess both hard and soft skills to ensure they are hired and can perform to the expectations of the employers to safeguard their positions and for career growth and progression (Reeves, 2015). Day after day the workplace is chang ing with respect to the changing technology and therefore need for job seekers to keep up with the modification. However, one thing remains the fact that employers are continuously in search for employees who possess leadership skills, team building techniques, soft and expertise, creativity, communication skills, interpersonal skills, listening skills, negotiation skills, corporate etiquette and time management skills (Gardner, 2008). Communication is the centre of every corporation. Achievement of organizational objective results from clearly communicating the laid down strategies and to foster a good working relationship between the management and its workforce as well as other stakeholders which are essential to realizing the economic responsibility of the business (McKay, 2009). Effective communication involves the ability to express a persons opinions and views confidently, clearly, and concisely in speech, making the content as easily comprehendible by the target audience by having a free- flowing ideas that enhance communication and makes it easier for the audience to ask questions (University of Kent, 2017). Many job seeker can express themselves pretty well, but the challenge lies in their ability to listen. While the hearing is the physical ability listening is a skill that has to be mastered for one to be termed as an active listener. A competent employee will pay close attention to the employer by givi ng their undivided attention and acknowledging that they have understood what is required of them by using gestures and body language as a show that they are following hence provide most appropriate feedback (Burley, 1995). A good listener will always maintain good eye contact, avoids distractions like phones while having a conversation, does not disrupt the other person in the middle of his / her talk and shows interest in what is being said. Good listening builds good rapport and understanding with employers and allows for free exchange of ideas and motivates either of the parties to say more. Employees who exhibit excellent interpersonal skills are highly preferred by employers as they can freely interact with other employees in the organization. Interpersonal skills are a leeway to building other critical workplace skills (Allen, 1995). An employee with interpersonal relationships exemplifies excellent negotiation skills, empathy, use jargon-free language, problem-solving, decision-making, assertiveness and general company etiquette by giving credit to fellow colleagues for work well done and appreciating other staff members for helping you carry on a task to completion. Further, by encouraging fellow staff members supports team spirits which foster team building spirit in the organization. By having the ability to part of a cohesive team is key to accomplishing the goals of the organization independently and in collaboration with other staff to achieve the needs of their customers. Team spirit in the company contributes in a large way to enhance staff motivation, foster ing trust among employee and thereby significantly improving efficiency and productivity (Dyer, 2010). In addition to an appropriate time management, employers are more interested employees who are creative to enhance new ways of doing business and hence cutting on business costs as well as increasing efficiency of operations in the company. Moreover, having the necessary hard skills alongside the soft skills is significant in the specific area of business activity. Hard skills are technical in nature and therefore can be learned. Hard skills are teachable capabilities reason why employers seek employees with good academic grades as a measure of the employee ability to perform his roles in a satisfactory manner (Hirsch, 2015). However, hard skills are limited in scope, unlike soft skills which are behavioural in nature and can be used inside and outside of the workplace to enhance social relations. The interview stage of recruitment is always most critical as it is one that stands between the job seeker and the position. Its important that the job seeker stands out among other interviews to ensure he or she is offered the position in question. To emerge successful in an interview, one must make sure that they acknowledge their strengths and own up their weakness (Sondhi, 2017). Candidates must identify weakness which has no direct linkage to the position being applied for and honestly express themselves on how they plan to improve on the weakness positively in a way to the satisfaction of the interview panel. Also acting friendly to the panel by putting a lively face by beaming shows a professional and approachable person. Smiling eases tension in the interview room and this is necessary as it works on helping to calm down and therefore ability to focus on the interview. Keeping calm ensures the interviewee give the best response to the various questions being asked and conveys the confidence. The key to remaining calm is by familiarizing with the interviewing company through a deep research into the companys operations, work culture, mission, and vision. Moreover, by practicing of possible interview questions eliminates anxiety and provides the candidate with the best defence if it comes to the worst (Hodgson, 2012). In a job interview unlike other social or professional interactions require the candidates to express themselves in a clear and precise manner that make them stand out among the many other applicants. By using short and accurate answers, the candidate can cover their entire profile and the suitability for the position. Failure of an applicant to present themselves in the way that impresses the interview panel often lead to them being discarded for candidates with far worse merits but with better presentation skills. An interview is more like marketing a product or service to the potential customer only in the case of an interview the candidate is selling them to the potential employer. This being the case, candidates must ensure they hone their speaking points on how the skills and experiences fit for the role at hand. Also, its important to base the arguments made during the interview on facts as its aids in demonstrating the applicant's point. Flexibility and ability to adapt to the changing workplace environment and circumstances. Employees who are adaptable tend to be an excellent negotiator in a job offer. Negotiating gives the notion to the employer that the possible employee knows the worth of his/her talent in the industry. Employers are impressed with the staff who showcase behavioural flexibility as they are proof they can adapt successfully to the changing work environment (University of Kent, 2017). Further job applicants must ensure they have dressed appropriately as the looks create the first personal appeal to the panellist. In conclusion, its pretty evident from the above that employers are in search of fresh talent that is highly adaptable to the changing customer needs and that suit regulatory framework of the organization. Further, having employees who possess the necessary hard skills alongside the soft skills enhance the productivity of an organization hence the high preference and consideration of such candidates. During interviews, applicants need to put their best show to ensure they emerge the best compared to the rest of the candidates. References Burley, A. M., 1995. Listening: The Forgotten Skill. 2 ed. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Burley, A. M., 1995. Managing Assertively: How to Improve Your People Skills. 2 ed. New Jersey: Wiley. Hirsch, B. J., 2015. Job Skills and Minority Youth. 1 ed. New york: Cambridge University Press. Hodgson, S., 2012. 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